{"id":1970,"date":"2017-04-24T14:49:06","date_gmt":"2017-04-24T17:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?p=1970"},"modified":"2017-04-24T15:05:35","modified_gmt":"2017-04-24T18:05:35","slug":"fun-with-regenerative-receivers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?p=1970","title":{"rendered":"Fun with Regenerative Receivers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hackaday recently had a post called &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/hackaday.com\/2017\/02\/01\/everyone-should-build-at-least-one-regenerative-radio-receiver\/\">Everyone Should Build at Least One Regenerative Receiver<\/a>&#8220;. These are relatively simple radios to build and they can receive any type of modulation, from AM to Single Sideband, to FM. Although the regen is one of the oldest receiver designs, it&#8217;s still <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regenerative_circuit\">widely used<\/a> in garage door openers, walkie-talkies and wireless &#8220;internet of things&#8221;\u00a0devices.<\/p>\n<p>Over the past year or so, I&#8217;ve taken the &#8220;at least one&#8221; part of the title literally. Last year\u00a0I built several regens, some successful, some not:<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.geojohn.org\/Radios\/MyRadios\/RegenSW\/RegenSW.html\">John Fuhring&#8217;s Regen Receiver<\/a> &#8211; April\u2013October 2016<\/h3>\n<p>John Fuhring has an extensive and entertaining account of his attempts at building a Charles Kitchin &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrl.org\/files\/file\/Technology\/tis\/info\/pdf\/0009061.pdf\">Scout Beginner&#8217;s Receiver<\/a>&#8221; regen kit. Because he was so forthcoming about his ups and downs in his\u00a0regen saga, I decided that I&#8217;d try following in his footsteps for my first scratch-built regen.<\/p>\n<p>My plan was to use a variation of the <a href=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2016\/05\/04\/getting-ugly-dead-bugs-and-going-to-manhattan\/\">manhattan style of component placement<\/a>, by cutting-out spaces from a grid of squares on the copper surface of\u00a0the pc, as I did with the oscillator\/amplifier project described in the <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?p=1952\">previous post<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The radio tuned from 6.4 &#8211; 8.0 MHz. Although successful, it had poor selectivity (radio stations on top of each other), it had a hum from the power supply that was alleviated by substituting a battery, and the LM386 audio amplifier was susceptible to troublesome &#8216;motorboating&#8217;. I disassembled this radio in December 2016.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1970 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1980'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-084146-200x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"John Fuhring regen circuit, as built\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1980\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1980'>\n\t\t\t\tJohn Fuhring regen circuit, as built\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1981'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-084607-200x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Circuit board cutout plan\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1981\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1981'>\n\t\t\t\tCircuit board cutout plan\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1982'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-084806-200x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"The build\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1982\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-084806-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-084806-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-084806-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-084806-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-084806.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1982'>\n\t\t\t\tThe build\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Ray Ring&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/circuitsalad.com\/2012\/09\/30\/a-high-performance-regenerative-radio\/\">High Performance Regenerative Radio<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 October 2016<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1971\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1971\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/IMG_4570.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[1970]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-1971\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/IMG_4570-200x150.jpg\" alt=\"Tuning Devices compared\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/IMG_4570-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/IMG_4570-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/IMG_4570-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/IMG_4570-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1971\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tuning Devices compared. From left to right, an air variable capacitor, a polyvaricon, and a varactor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>What attracted me to this circuit were the words &#8220;high performance&#8221; (although as I&#8217;ve discovered, a large percentage of designs promote themselves this way, but in my experience &#8220;high performance&#8221; may not fully apply) and the fact that the tuning mechanism can be easily adapted to employ\u00a0a solid state &#8220;varactor&#8221; rather than the old-school and increasingly hard to find &#8220;air variable capacitor&#8221;. I&#8217;ve managed to collect a few air variables over the past couple of years. They have good selectivity but the dial travel is only about 180\u00b0, so they are difficult to tune unless you build a string pulley dial (used in most table radios back in the day) or use a vernier reduction gear mechanism (expensive and also hard to find).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1973\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1973\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/0A81704F-192C-41E1-B69A-0B369DB5C763.png\" rel=\"lightbox[1970]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1973 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/0A81704F-192C-41E1-B69A-0B369DB5C763-200x150.png\" alt=\"Varactor performance graph\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1973\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some experimentation shows that the tuning is fairly linear from 5 &#8211; 8 volts.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>There are two alternatives to the air variable: the first is the &#8220;polyvaricon&#8221;, which is used in most clock radios and portable transistor radios. It\u00a0doesn&#8217;t have as good selectivity as an air variable, and it&#8217;s also difficult to tune. The other is the &#8220;varactor&#8221;: this is a special diode which changes its capacitance based on the amount of voltage that is used to bias it. A\u00a0varactor is tuned with a potentiometer\u2014standard pots have a travel of around 270\u00b0, which is better than variable capacitors\u2014and you can also use an inexpensive\u00a0ten turn pot which\u00a0can tune into\u00a0even the narrowest of signals.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1974\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1974\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161016-113508.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[1970]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-1974\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161016-113508-200x150.jpg\" alt=\"RRing Regen Build\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161016-113508-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161016-113508-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161016-113508-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161016-113508-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1974\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The low pass filter is at the top of the photo to the left of the speaker. Also on a separate board in the centre right is the LM386 audio amp circuit.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>My initial build of Ring&#8217;s circuit used a polyvaricon, then two in parallel but the result was unstable. I tried different varactors. I also struggled with local FM broadcast interference: to combat the breakthrough, I built a 7-pole Butterworth low pass filter. I discovered\u00a0that the hookup wire in the RF part of the radio was also picking up FM broadcast harmonics, so I replaced the wires to and from the low pass filter with RG174 coax, and that solved the problem. As you can see, I used the manhattan style construction technique.<\/p>\n<p>After much experimentation, I settled\u00a0on a BB112 varactor which the data sheet says goes from 470pF at 1v down to 20pF at 8v. For reasons that I can&#8217;t remember, I set the voltage\/tuning range of the radio from 4.75 &#8211; 8.5v, which gave me an effective tuning range at one point from 5.0 &#8211; 8.2 MHz. I then changed from a small commercial wirewound 11.5 \u00b5H inductor to a 5\u00b5H hand-wound T50-6 toroid inductor. The radio now tunes from 7.8 &#8211; 13.2 MHz.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>W1FB Doug DeMaw&#8217;s Two-stage Regen from his Design Notebook \u2013 Unsuccessful<\/h3>\n<p>From November 2016, an even simpler design: this one came from\u00a0the &#8220;W1FB Design Notebook&#8221;, figure 5-2. The circuit uses a customary Armstrong tapped coil with one Field Effect Transistor (effectively replacing Armstrong&#8217;s original vacuum tube). For this build, I used the same technique as the John Fuhring regen above, rather than using copper islands\/manhattan construction for the previous radio.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, I could not get the radio to oscillate. Looking back on it, there may have been several reasons for this:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>the coil was too close to the copper groundplane<\/li>\n<li>there may have been some solder resin remaining on the board; resin can conduct<\/li>\n<li>it&#8217;s possible that I got the windings of the coil backwards<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-1970 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1976'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-083406-200x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"circuit schematic\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-1976\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-1976'>\n\t\t\t\tW1FB&#8217;s design, as built\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1977'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-083405-200x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"cutout plan\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-1977\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-1977'>\n\t\t\t\tThe circuit board cutout plan\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1978'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161005-091907-200x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"circuit board, as built\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-1978\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-1978'>\n\t\t\t\tThe built\u2014but unsuccessful\u2014radio.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h3>WBR Regen Receivers<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1983\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1983\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161221-211916.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[1970]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-1983\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161221-211916-200x150.jpg\" alt=\"WBR receiver - AA7EE's design\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1983\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">WBR receiver &#8211; AA7EE&#8217;s design<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In late December, I built a wheatstone bridge regen using AA7EE&#8217;s circuit. Although it did work, performance was disappointing.<\/p>\n<p>I disassembled it shortly thereafter.<\/p>\n<p>The WBR idea remained interesting to me. I found an\u00a0article from\u00a0QST August 2001\u00a0called &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/pe2bz.philpem.me.uk\/Comm\/-%20ARRL\/Build-Service-Design\/Receivers\/TheWBR-BetweenRegen+Direct\/0108034.pdf\">The WBR Receiver<\/a>&#8221; by Dan Wissell, N1BYT. I used his design for my next radio. My notes:<\/p>\n<div><strong>Dec 28 2016<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>I had some difficulties building this. My first board was deaf\u2014I think because I had mis-wired the connection from the final audio transistor to the LM386.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>I made a new board and moved all the components over. The second board was milled using the Dremel stand with a milling table.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>The second board, with two 10-turn pots (one for Regeneration and the other for Tuning) seems to work well, and tunes from 8.845 &#8211; 9.770 MHz.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Dec 29<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>the pot turn shafts are slightly wider than the knobs that I have. I experimented by using a cutting disk to cut a slot down the middle. Heats the pot up, but seems to do no lasting damage. Also tried just grinding down around the circumference, which seems a better solution.<\/li>\n<li>took one turn off each end of the main inductor.<\/li>\n<li>the trimpot controlling the lower tuning voltage limit was not wired in properly. Adjusted to bottom out around 1 volt.<\/li>\n<li>radio now tunes from 9.450 &#8211; 10.070 MHz. Have not yet heard WWV.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><strong>Dec 31<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>completed breadboarding: mounted boards and pots, replaced connecting wires with coax where desirable<\/li>\n<li>reception seems stronger: however, AM and SSB signals seem to have a tremolo<\/li>\n<li>radio now tunes from 9.410 &#8211; 10.010 MHz. Have heard WWV!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Jan 3, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>added <a href=\"http:\/\/qrp-popcorn.blogspot.ca\/2015\/02\/regenerative-receiver-4.html\">VE7BPO AF Preamp for WBR Regen<\/a> circuit to improve audio level. Low level signals now audible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>AN IDEA: <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?p=1904\">replace the 8v regulator with a 5v regulator, and add a servo motor\/Arduino<\/a> to indicate frequency via voltage level.<\/div>\n<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-1970 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1984'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/1771ED92-F707-4383-BFAB-69F3718312CA-200x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Tuning Voltage vs. Frequency\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-1984\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-1984'>\n\t\t\t\tTuning Voltage vs. Frequency\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1985'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115906-200x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"WBR regen schematic\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-1985\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-1985'>\n\t\t\t\tWBR regen schematic\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1988'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115907-200x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Build plan\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-1988\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-1988'>\n\t\t\t\tBuild plan\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1992'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-121233-200x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Final layout\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-1992\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-1992'>\n\t\t\t\tFinal layout\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1989'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115906-200x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"LM386 module\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-1989\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-1989'>\n\t\t\t\tMy little LM386 module using some smd caps and resistors\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1993'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-121036-200x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Layout for LM386 module\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-1993\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-1993'>\n\t\t\t\tLayout for LM386 module\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1987'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161221-211916-1-200x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"First construction (Dec 20)\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-1987\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-1987'>\n\t\t\t\tFirst construction (Dec 20)\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1990'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115907-200x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Second build (Dec 27)\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-1990\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115907-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115907-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115907-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115907-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-1990'>\n\t\t\t\tSecond build (Dec 27)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?attachment_id=1991'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115908-200x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Second build (Dec 27) al fresco\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-1991\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115908-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115908-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115908-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Evernote-Snapshot-20161228-115908-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-1991'>\n\t\t\t\tSecond build (Dec 27) al fresco\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hackaday recently had a post called &#8220;Everyone Should Build at Least One Regenerative Receiver&#8220;. These are relatively simple radios to build and they can receive any type of modulation, from AM to Single Sideband, to FM. Although the regen is one of the oldest receiver designs, it&#8217;s still widely used in garage door openers, walkie-talkies &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/?p=1970\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Fun with Regenerative Receivers<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[97,22,110],"tags":[99,113],"class_list":["post-1970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amateur_radio","category-electronics","category-radio","tag-radio","tag-regenerative"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1970"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1970\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1996,"href":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1970\/revisions\/1996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.generaleccentric.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}